Aristotles View on the Natural of Teleology Essay

Aristotles View on the Natural of Teleology - Essay Example In this first argument, Aristotle draws to the comparison of rainfall and existent of animal parts which seems to be the most disputed contents in Aristotelian Corpus. In his argument, Aristotle tries to develop a final causation with regard to nature. Aristotle discusses the subject of natural teleology as a result of his predecessors trying to trace the final causation. The predecessors believe that things exist the way they as a result of necessity. This necessity includes the material elements that exist on their own natures and potentials. However, according to Aristotle, his predecessors describe natural phenomena with a focus on necessity. For Aristotle, his main focus is to establish the existence of other causes other than the material necessity. Since nature is a source of change, it acts to serve something; therefore, Aristotle is on the view that teleology and necessity tend to be related (Asanuma, 2011). Regarding how Aristotle distinguishes his teleological view concerning nature and the views associated with his opponents, it is clear that Aristotle considers his view and those of his opponents to be incompatible. As such, Aristotle disagrees with the view material necessity operates in nature and does not require operations associated with teleology. On another note, these two forces associated with nature could be compatible; however, operations associated with material necessity may not be sufficient when it comes to producing positive results. The natural phenomena may not come about with the absence of a final cause, as such, explanations related to formal and final causation should not be reduced to explanations focusing on efficiency and material causation. While there is a school of thought that concur necessity and teleology seems compatible with regard to Aristotle’s view, this can only happen with the absence of ontological consequences (Krbalek & Vacek, 2013).  Ã‚  

Crime and punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime and punishment - Essay Example Absence of punishments in a criminal justice system not only makes the criminals brave and fearless but also encourages them to commit crimes repeatedly. Here, I would like to say that punishment alone is not a very effective method for reducing the number of crimes because where it injects a sense of fear into the minds of the criminals; it also injects a sense of revenge in them, which is very harmful for the peace of whole society. A good method is to make use of reformation along with punishment because reformation changes the behavior and attitude of a criminal. Professional psychologists attempt to alter the behaviors of criminals by doing their psychotherapies and guiding them towards the right path. Therefore, I would say that although punishment is effective in reducing the number of crimes but it should be accompanied with reformation process in order to transform the criminals into peaceful citizens. To What Degree Punishment is Effective? The effectiveness of punishments depends on the type of punishment and the motive behind the punishments, which are given by the judges to the criminals. There are different types of punishments for different types of crimes. ... Punishments are very effective because they not only stop the criminals from committing crimes without any fear but also play a vital role in establishing and maintaining peace in a society. Punishments are very effective in reducing the number of crimes because it injects a sense of fear in the minds of the criminals, which stops them from committing any form of crime in future. The goals of punishments and one’s belief about the purpose of sentencing play a critical role in making punishments an effective tool for crime reduction. Decisions for punishments are only effective when they are based on merit because if a judge punishes a person without any solid proofs or by ignoring the ground realities, it injects a sense of revenge in the mind of that person, which makes him/her a real criminal once he/she comes out of jail. Therefore, I would say that the efficacy of punishments is deeply related with the merit-based decisions and with the purpose behind the punishments. Is C orporal Punishment Or The Death Penalty Justifiable In Any Sensible Way? Before going to describe whether corporal punishment and death penalty are sensible ways of punishments or not, let us get a better understanding of what corporal punishment and death penalty actually are. Corporal punishment means using physical force on a person as a form of punishment for a crime, whereas death penalty means sentencing a criminal to death because of some form of crime, which he/she commits. Both forms of punishments are given to the criminals in almost every country depending on the nature of crimes. I personally think that although corporal punishment is a harsh punishment, still it is a much better way to punish the criminals as compared to death

Sensor Technology for Mineral Exploration

Sensor Technology for Mineral Exploration 1. Introduction Significant contribution is done by satellite remote sensing in the field of mineral exploration viz. Geological faults, fractures and mapping, which are associated with the ore deposits based on spectral signature, (Farooq and Govil 2013; Magendra and Sanjeevi 2014; Murphy and Monteiro 2011, Le Yo et al., 2011) the spectral signature helps in the recognizes hydrothermal altered rocks (Sabins, 1999). The multispectral remote sensing exhibits differences in spectral signatures which are insufficient spectral resolution for the hydrothermal altered mineral mapping (Clark, 1999). The Multispectral sensors viz. Landsat TM, ETM+, ASTER image processing helps in iron oxides mapping, the spectral ranges 1.55-1.75 Â µm and 2.08-2.35 Â µm is important for iron mapping (Gupta, 2003). The hyperspectral images provide a higher spectral resolution the the multispectral images (Clark et al., 1990; Magendra and Sanjeevi 2014; Van der Meer 2012). The discovery of new hyperspectral sensor technology in terms of both sensor and technical development has provided the opportunity to revisit previous remote sensing approaches for the mineral exploration as well as for the development of improved methods. Hyperspectral sensors have hundreds of channels, aircraft and satellite platforms which provide unique spectral datasets, and which are helpful in analyzing the surface mineralogy mapping (Goetz et al., 1985; Kruse et al., 2003; Debba et al., 2005, Vaughan et al., 2003). The airborne sensors like AVIRIS, HYDICE and Satellite sensor like Hyperion are used for mapping geology, snow etc. Hyperspectral remote sensing aims at providing the requirements like spectral, spatial and radiometric empower, measuring in terms of range, sampling, response, stability, uniformity, precision and accuracy. With the help of hyperspectral remote sensing we can find different minerals viz iron oxides, micas, chlorites, amphiboles, talc, serpentines, c arbonates, quartz, garnets, pyroxenes, feldspars and sulphates (Eva Papp and Cudahy 2002; Magendran and sanjeevi 2014; Hubbard and Crowley 2005). EO-1 Hyperion is the first Space based hyperspectral sensor, and it was launched on 21 November 2000 (Ungar et al., 2003). The Hyperion image has 30m spatial resolution, 242 channels and 7.7 km swath. The hyperspectral (Hyperion) sensor with 0.4-2.5Â µm spectral range, i.e. visible-near infrared (VNIR) spectrometer (approxmeterly0.4-1.0Â µm) and one short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer (approximately 0.9-2.5Â µm) (EO-1 User guide) in which some minerals and rocks show good absorption and reflectance, due to variation in physicochemical properties, which help in their exploration mapping (Clark et al., 1990; Hunt et al., 1971). The spectral reflectance one can detect and identify the Earth surface and atmospheric constituents to measure the reflected spectra’s component concentration. We can find the distribution of the component and validate by improving models. The processing of Hyperion image is a challenging task as it consists hundreds of channels. The selection of required channels with its good apparent reflection requires good skills. The direct measurements of atmospheric properties are rarely available, and there are some techniques which surmise them from their imprint on hyperspectral radiance data. These properties are used to constrain highly accurate models of atmospheric radiation transfer to produce an estimate of the true surface reflectance. Moreover, atmospheric corrections of this type can be applied on a pixel by pixel basis since each pixel in a hyperspectral image contains an independent measurement of atmospheric water vapor absorption bands. There are different models available viz QUAC, 5S, 6S, ATCOR, ATREAM, HATCH, EFFORT Polishing, FLAASH etc (ITTVis, 2010). FLAASH is a MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction software package, which provides accurate, physics-based derivation of apparent surface reflectance, through derivation of atmospheric properties such as surface albedo, surface altitude, water vapor column, aerosol and cloud optical depths, surface and atmospheric temperature from hyperspectral imaging data. FLAASH uses the most advanced techniques for handling particular stressing atmospheric conditions, such as the presence of clouds, cirrus and opaque cloud classification map adjustable spectral polishing for artifact suppression. The Hyperion image consists of a huge number of data sets which are supposed to be reduced dimensionally. The techniques like Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform are used to reduce the number of spectral dimensions to be analyzed. The pure pixels are the most spectrally extreme pixels (Broadman et al., 1995), which spectrally correspond to the mixing end members. These end members form the base for the n-Dimensional visualization, and each selected end members are spectrally matched with USGS spectral library. The near visible near infrared image (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range cover the features of iron bearing minerals, hydroxyl bearing minerals sulphates and carbonates. The iron ores and iron bearing minerals have characteristic spectra in the 850nm to 950 nm wavelength (Magendran and Sanjeevi, 2014). The ferric iron minerals hematite (Fe203) has distinct spectral curves in the visible near-infrared image (VNIR), which is caused by absorptions and induced by crystal field transitions at about 465 nm, 650 nm and 850–950 nm (Townsend, 1987). The paper presents an attempt for mapping iron oxides in Chitradurga Schist belt by using the Hyperion image. The iron distribution mapping is made with the standardized hyperspectral methodologies. An attempt is also made by taking the spectra of iron in-vitro and compared it with the USGS spectral libraryfor mappingiron distribution. The Spectral Angle Mapper Classification (SAM) is an automated method of comparing the image spectra with the individual spectra, or a spectral library (Boardman 1992; Kruse et al 1993). SAM treats both individual spectra, spectral library spectra and calculates as vectors and its spectral angle. Since the SAM algorithm uses the only vector direction and not the vector length. The result of the SAM classification is an image showing the best match at each pixel. This method is typically used for determining the mineralogy and works better in the areas of identical regions. The USGS maintains a large spectral library composed of mineral and soil types, which has image spectra and can be compared directly. 1.1 Study Area and image data The lithology of the Chitradurga schist belt 13036’25’’N and 760 35’49’’E belongs to both Bababudan and Chitradurga Groups. (Figure 1) The Bababudan Group of rocks represented by metabasalt-quartzite formations and NNW trending synclinal Kibbanahalli BIF formation, wrapping around the Chikkanayakanahalli (CN Halli) gneiss and joining the main CN Halli belt near Dodguni (Radhakrishna, 1967; Srinivasan and Sreenivas, 1975; Seshadri et al., 1981; Ramakrishnan and Vaidynadhan, 2008). Chitradurga Group covers most of the CN Halli schist belt, represented by quartz-sericite-chlorite schist, quartzite, carbonates, Mn formations and BIF overlies Bababudan Group (Devaraju and Anantha Murthy, 1976, 1977). EO-1 Hyperion level 1 radiometric (L1R) product having 242 bands covering CN Halli area acquired on 14 April 2011 was used. The image covers the spectral range of 0.4 to 2.5Â µm at 10 nm bandwidth. However, only 155 of them are calibrated from visible-to-infrared (VNIR) and short wave-infrared (SWIR) regions. (Table 1) (EO-1 User Guide, 2003).

Scouting the World Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay Example

Scouting the World It was July 2000, when it started. Colorful flags of 14 nations gently flapped under a blue Canadian sky. In a field, 1500 young people from around the world assembled in uniform for the opening ceremonies of the sixth worldwide jamboree of the Polish Scouting Organization. I was among the scouts proudly representing the USA. It was only my first "international" experience, but one that was the start of an unforgettable multicultural adventure. And standing there in that field, I felt it starting. I had not traveled far from home, but it seemed I was visiting lands from afar - France, Argentina, Australia, Poland. Talking to the scouts, being in the presence of youth from all around the globe put me in their world. Even though we were hosted by Canadians, Polish was the indispensable language of communication at this jamboree. Yes, among our friends we used our own language, but when we spoke to the other scouts, the Polish Austalians, Polish Danes, Polish Germans, there was only one language to use, one we all shared - Polish. For two weeks we bonded through both the scouting experience and our Polish heritage. We discovered that in many ways, we were the same and yet there was a distinct flavor to each nation's group, revealing its cultural individuality - be it in song, verbal expressions, or in just the way they interacted with each other. I was amazed at how comfortable I felt in this setting and it sparked my desire - I wanted to experience it more. In two weeks, I formed lifetime friendships that crossed many countries' borders and since then, we have been exchanging letters. Later that summer, I was lucky to travel to Rome for the World Youth Day 2000 whe... ...chool students from across the world came together to share ideas and interact socially. I was thrilled when my project won awards in this distinguished fair, but especially touched because it was for a subject close to my heart. It is hard to believe that my yearlong multicultural odyssey, which started on that sunny Canadian field, ended at an international science fair. Meeting so many young people from around the globe made me gain a fresh perspective of my own cultural experience, as well as that of others. It opened my eyes, and I learned that we each have our own unique cultural identity, which is constantly being shaped and hopefully, enriched. Such cross-cultural encounters inspire an appreciation of diversity, strengthening a real human connection we all share, and how significant a lesson that is for me, at only 17 years of age, to have learned.

Indian Tobacco Company

ITC is one of India's foremost private sector companies with a market capitalisation of nearly US $ 18 billion and a turnover of over US $ 5. 1 Billion. ITC is rated among the World's Best Big Companies, Asia's ‘Fab 50†² and the World's Most Reputable Companies by Forbes magazine, among India's Most Respected Companies by BusinessWorld and among India's Most Valuable Companies by Business Today. ITC ranks among India's `10 Most Valuable (Company) Brands', in a study conducted by Brand Finance and published by the Economic Times.ITC also ranks among Asia's 50 best performing companies compiled by Business Week. ITC has a diversified presence in Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards ; Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Packaged Foods ; Confectionery, Information Technology, Branded Apparel, Personal Care, Stationery, Safety Matches and other FMCG products. While ITC is an outstanding market leader in its traditional businesses of Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri-Exports, it is rapidly gaining market share even in its nascent businesses of Packaged Foods ; Confectionery, Branded Apparel, Personal Care and Stationery.As one of India's most valuable and respected corporations, ITC is widely perceived to be dedicatedly nation-oriented. Chairman Y C Deveshwar calls this source of inspiration â€Å"a commitment beyond the market†. In his own words: â€Å"ITC believes that its aspiration to create enduring value for the nation provides the motive force to sustain growing shareholder value. ITC practices this philosophy by not only driving each of its businesses towards international competitiveness but by also consciously contributing to enhancing the competitiveness of the larger value chain of which it is a part. ITC's diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth anchored on its time-tested core competencies: unmatched distribution reach, superior brand-building capabili ties, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. Over time, the strategic forays into new businesses are expected to garner a significant share of these emerging high-growth markets in India ITC's Agri-Business is one of India's largest exporters of agricultural products.ITC is one of the country's biggest foreign exchange earners (US $ 3. 2 billion in the last decade). The Company's ‘e-Choupal' initiative is enabling Indian agriculture significantly enhance its competitiveness by empowering Indian farmers through the power of the Internet. This transformational strategy, which has already become the subject matter of a case study at Harvard Business School, is expected to progressively create for ITC a huge rural distribution infrastructure, significantly enhancing the Company's marketing reach.ITC's wholly owned Information Technology subsidiary, ITC Infotech India Limited, is aggressively pursuing emerging opportunities in providing en d-to-end IT solutions, including e-enabled services and business process outsourcing. ITC's production facilities and hotels have won numerous national and international awards for quality, productivity, safety and environment management systems. ITC was the first company in India to voluntarily seek a corporate governance rating.ITC employs over 24,000 people at more than 60 locations across India. The Company continuously endeavors to enhance its wealth generating capabilities in a globalising environment to consistently reward more than 3,77,000 shareholders, fulfill the aspirations of its stakeholders and meet societal expectations. This over-arching vision of the company is expressively captured in its corporate positioning statement: â€Å"Enduring Value. For the nation. For the Shareholder. † | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[ pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | Competitors ITC competitors are primarily in the Tobacco industry. ITC also competes in the Apparel, Office, School, & Art Supplies, and Crop Production sectors. ITC competitive landscape includes: †¢ Hindustan Unilever †¢ Reliance Industries †¢ Tata Group ITC Company DescriptionITC walks with the other giants of the Indian business world — Tata and Reliance. Primarily, the company makes cigarettes and tobacco, as well as papers and packaging. It also runs hotels, manages lines of branded apparel and prepackaged food, and exports agricultural commodities (including rice, wheat, and lentils). ITC is India's second-largest exporter of agri-products. The group's major brands include India Kings, Insignia, Navy Cut, Scissors, and Gold Flake (cigarettes); Wills Sport and John Players (clothing); Kitchens of India and Aashirvaad (prepackaged food); and Exp ressions (greeting cards). It is also parent to one of India's leading technology companies, ITC InfoTech.ITC pays constant attention to its employees by means of minimum wage raising programs, and providing healthcare through the application of preventive measures, periodical examinations for various diseases, and the necessary treatment at all times. It also provides a distinguished health insurance program for the employees and their families, which covers many diseases that aren't covered by other programs. It offers healthy daily meals for the employees, along with comfortable and safe transportation means from and to the company. In this decade, the company launched a series of educational programs for its employees' children with both public schools and universities education. The company took on the responsibility of paying all the expenses needed in as part of a motivational educational support policy for distinguished students [pic] | |[pic] | | | Sunfeast In 2003, ITC for ayed into the Biscuits market with the Sunfeast range of Glucose, Marie and Cream Biscuits. Sunfeast’s brand essence, â€Å"Spread the Smile† connotes happiness, contentment, satisfaction and pleasure. The mascot Sunny reinforces the emotional aspects of the brand. Sunfeast immediately established itself as a provider of innovative and distinctive products – Sunfeast Marie was launched in an innovative orange flavour and the ‘Sunfeast Dream Cream' range includes new flavours as well as flavour enhancers. The Sunfeast Dream Cream range is currently available in 8 variants.The Company has also introduced ‘Sunfeast Dark Fantasy', a dark chocolate and vanilla cream offering for the premium segment in select markets. Riding on the success of its initial offerings, ITC also entered the milk biscuit category with Sunfeast Milky Magic biscuits in the general milk and milk cream categories. Apart from milk which helps mental growth, these biscuits also contai n the finest quality wheat aiding physical growth. Both cream and milk biscuits have received enthusiastic response from consumers. In the last few years the Sunfeast biscuits portfolio has been enhanced to include salted crackers and cookies. The ‘Sunfeast Snacky' salted crackers are available in 2 unique variants viz. Chilli Flakes and Classic Salted. Sunfeast's cookie offering, ‘Sunfeast Special' biscuits are also available in select markets.The Sunfeast Special range currently includes cookies in three variants – Butter, Cashew and crunchy Coconut, as well as cream biscuits in two variants – Choco and Orange. The recently launched Sunfeast Golden Bakery offers the freshly baked taste of cookies in 3 variants – Choco-nut, Butter-nut and Butter scotch. The brand has also launched Sunfeast Nice, a tasty and delightful offering of crispy, sugar sprinkled biscuits. The Sunfeast product portfolio has been further expanded to include healthy snacking op tions as well. Sunfeast Pasta Treat', a whole wheat based instant pasta was introduced as a healthy snacking option for children. After the tremendous success of the 4 initial flavours the instant Pasta range has been extended with two new exciting flavours – Pizza and Chicken. The pasta segment was further expanded with the launch of ‘Sunfeast Benne Vita' in 4 innovative variants. This range has been enhanced recently with the launch of Sunfeast Benne Vita Flax Seed biscuits that reflect the brand essence of Benne Vita, which in Italian stands for ‘Good Life’. The flax seed content in these protein and mineral enriched biscuits is a rich vegetarian source of Omega III acids.With continued focus on health and nutrition, Sunfeast extended the biscuits portfolio to the nutritional segment with the launch Sunfeast Sachin's Fit Kit – a range of healthy products co-created with Sachin Tendulkar. It is for the first time in India that an icon of the statur e of Sachin Tendulkar has been actively involved in the product development process as co-creator of the Sunfeast Sachin's Fit Kit range. It is the shared vision of Sunfeast as well as Sachin Tendulkar that products under the Sachin's Fit Kit range will enable create â€Å"Champions of Tomorrow†. The launch range comprises two offerings – Sunfeast Sachin's Vitamin and Protein enriched biscuits and Sunfeast Sachin's Multigrain biscuits.

Oedipul Complex In Sons And Lovers

Sigmund Freud introduced two theories, one is Oedipus complex and other is Electra complex. Sigmund Freud's theory, the Oedipus complex takes its name from the Greek play Oedipus Rex. In the play Oedipus is prophesied to murder his father, marry his mother and have sex with her and he does this unwittingly. The strong attraction of a child to the parent of the opposite sex and envy or jealous feelings toward the parent of the same sex that may be a source of adult personality disorder when unresolved. This attraction in a boy for mother is called Oedipus complex and The female version is called the Electra complex.D. H Lawrence was well aware of Freud's theory. In Sons and Lovers, D. H Lawrence uses the Oedipus complex as its base for exploring Paul's relationship with his mother. Paul is too much attracted to his mother and their love often borders on romantic desire. D. H Lawrence writes many times in the novel about their relation and they go beyond the bounds of conventional moth er son love. Paul hates his father and often fantasizes about his death and loves her mother and in this way he completes the Oedipus equation in the novel. D. H.Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers is the most reliable and remarkable example of Freud’s Oedipus complex in modern literature. Hu Junjie, a Freudian psychologist writes that Lawrence is one of the most original, realist and controversial English writers of the modern literature and twentieth century. The main theme of his writing was relationship between man and woman. His work Lady Chatterley’s Lover was rejected by his contemporary English society and it was based on theme if pornographic nature. However, in D. H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers Oedipus complex is the dominant theme.The complex here chiefly moves around protagonist Paul and his mother’s dealings or relation. The Oedipus complex begins to appear in William and Paul is examplified in the relationship between their parents. The boys wit ness an unsuccessful & abusive marriage in which Walter Morel often comes home drunk after wasting the family’s income on gambling. He does not like meals in the presence of family. He abuses his Mrs. Boys notice all this and they begin to hate their father and be sympathetic and protective towards their mother. The children see their mother good and pure.She keeps her sons all to herself and sheltered from their father. In this way Gertrude Morel is unconsciously molding her sons into her desires, so with the passage of time they can take the place of her husband. No doubt their marriage was their own choice but now she is clearly unhappy in her marriage and now she tries to live vicariously through her sons. This is the basic motivation that allows the oedipal attachment to form in the two boys. William is the oldest and the mother’s favorite son. He does everything for her mother’s pleasure. He buys two egg cups from the fair for his mother.Sibling rivalry ex ists in the two brothers, William and Paul, as they compete for their mother’s love. Mrs. Morel does not like his female companions and becomes jealous and he finally moves to London. William’s this action of moving to London was his unconscious way of trying to break free from the oedipal attachment to his mother. In London, Mr. William meets a beautiful girl named Lily. They become closer friends but Mr. William is not happy and he has a misogynistic attitude towards her. It is very clear that Lily does not have the good qualities he sees in his mother and it angers and frustrates him.William shows classic symptoms of dissatisfaction. When Mr. William voices his dissatisfaction with Lily and his mother asks him to reconsider marrying her. He replies, †Oh well, I’ve gone too far to break it off now†. All these conflicted moments and feelings that William is experiencing are a sign of his apparent struggle to get rid himself of the oedipal complex th en William eventually gets sick and dies. After William’s death, Paul takes his place and becomes mother’s favorite. This action compels to think a person that she may thought of him as a suitor.This is proved when she accepts a bottle of perfume from him. She said â€Å"Pretty! † in an odd tone or in a curios way, Lawrence says, â€Å"Of a woman accepting a love-token†. When Paul reaches at the age of sixteen to twenty (adulthood), it is clear the Oedipus complex has taken him over (chapter 3). His relationship with his father is deformed and he becomes jealous of him. He hates his father too much and He even asks his mother not to sleep with the father anymore. Young Paul meets Miriam Leivers, he likes her and he is repeating the same misogynistic behavior like his brother William did with Lily.He thinks that he would be betraying his mother by loving her. But the idea that Paul is interested in someone other than his mother shows an attempt to break th e oedipal complex he has. But the mother foils this attempt by making him feel guilty for wanting to be with miss Miriam. She says, â€Å"I cannot bear it, I could let another woman, but not her. She’d leave me no room, not a bit of room. And I’ve never you know Paul, I’ve never had a husband, not really. † The mother exhibited the same behavior with William by being jealous of his female companions and is now being imposed on Paul.Gertrude Morel reinforces the Oedipus complex within Paul by suffocating him and in a elusive way asking him to replace her husband. Paul and Mariam’s relation now reduced to friendship. Paul has to repress his romantic feelings that he might have for her, so she will not replace his mother’s place. Later in the novel we come across that Paul does become physically intimate with Miriam but it is short-lived because Paul will not marry her. It also shows that Paul suffers from a fear of closeness and affair as he c ontinues to remain emotionally detached from Miriam.Paul, once again gives in to the oedipal attachment for his mother. Paul does have an affair with a married but separated woman named of Clara Dawes. In relation to Clara Paul allows himself to have this relationship because he is well aware that realistically this relationship can never go anywhere. Clara would never be divorced her husband. That’s why Clara is not a threat to Paul’s oedipal complex to his mother. There is no threat of her taking his mother’s place. Gertrude morel now becomes ill, she feels pain and Paul gives her morphine.But in the end he intentionally overdoses of morphine to her, which leads to her death and reduced her sufferings. This is a case of euthanasia, this action of killing his mother was a conscious way to reduce her sufferings but unconsciously he releases himself Oedipus complex once and for all. Paul, after her mother’s death, is devastated and alone. Much time has pas sed and Miriam still wants to be with Paul but he refuses. It means that even after his mother’s death he is still not free from his attachment to her mother because he chooses to be alone. Theunpleasant relationship with his mother is still present in Paul’s life. Conclusion: No doubt in the history of psychology a large number of thinkers are influenced by Freud’s view of sexuality. to some extend Some of his followers seem to create their work behind the establishment of Freudian sex theories. But these theories have been losing their appeal along with modernization of psychology. Joseph Jastrow a follower of Freud says that Freud’s Oedipus complex is an indecent and inadequate concept. It’s impossible to find any origin or root of this claim.After constant study we are able merely to know that it is nothing but a consequence of Freud’s imaginative psychoanalysis based on his personal supposition that lacks evidence. But we cannot put it aside that it is a biographical novel. D. H Lawrence loves her mother but not his father. If we come to the conclusion of Paul’s case, we find that his Oedipus complex and its causes are already clear to us. Paul grows in a bitter environment and he has not become a normal adult by getting over some problems. That is not only because of his mother’s abnormal maternity.There are many other reason; some problems with the parents, some with himself, some with his brothers, even some from the society and the mechanical civilization, all these lead to the family tragedy and distortion of personality and devastate people’s healthy development on spirits. Now we can realize and recognize that Paul’ relation with mother is the outcome of many unusual and abnormal causes which are partial, exceptional and individual rather than universal. We can say that it is not usual or natural for the people living in a healthy family and environment to have such anomalous and complex emotional problems.

Urban Villagers by Herbert J Gans essays

Urban Villagers by Herbert J Gans essays Boston's West End is the most well documented neighborhood destroyed by urban "renewal," made famous initially by Herbert Gans's book, The Urban Villagers, 1962. Although approximately 63 percent of the families displaced by urban renewal were African-American or Hispanic, this Boston community was mainly inhabited by working class Italians. It was a little piece of Italy, with narrow winding streets alive with urban social life. Too crowded and unAmerican for the middle class tastes of City planners, it fell to the bulldozer in 1959 and was replaced by high rise, expensive apartment buildings. It is difficult for me to isolate the impact of *URBAN VILLAGERS*. In my experience it was but one contribution to growing criticism of urban renewal in the early 1960s and, with that, the physical orientation of urban planning that urban renewal represented. Shortly after it was published I was both a writing my dissertation in urban geography at Clark University and a project director in urban renewal, so I witnessed the impact in both urban renewal planning circles and in the more academic arena. It was part of the drum of criticism that led to the 1966 Model Cities Act and the redefinition of urban renewal and rethinking of the field of urban planning. I think the impact of the *URBAN VILLAGERS* might best evaluated as part of a creeping barrage of critical writing led off by Jacobs and *Death and Life . . .* in 1961. *Urban Villagers* was published in '63 and Martin Anderson weighed in from the right in '64 with *The Federal Bulldozer*. At the same time planners such as Paul Davidoff ("Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning" JAIP, 1965) were mounting a critique within the field of planning. (Jay Stein's *Classic Readings in Urban Planning* 1995 includes some writing from this period.) In 1965, ...

China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essays

China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essays China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essay China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essay China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Introduction Culture refers to a society’s way of life. Despite the fact that this changes over time, people defined by a unique culture are often resistant to change. In the past centuries, the Europeans were determined to conquer various territories in relation to trade and culture. They believed that their culture was necessary for civilization and, therefore, dominated China and India among other colonies with their tradition and culture. The encounter Europeans had with China and India in the late 16th century to the end of the 17th century, provoked cultural resistance from the communities (Gluck Embree, 1997). What was termed as modernity by the westerners was deemed by China and India, as the dilution of the basic values that were already inculcated in the communities prior to the arrival of Europeans. To determine the legacy that resulted from the encounter, it is important to explore the historical cultural factors that caused the differences in outcomes. Discussion The aim of Europeans in the encounter was to instill their traditions in the belief system of the Chinese and Indians. Trade was a major factor that linked Spain with China and India. According to Butler (2007), people from China and India exchanged fine silk with American Silver from Spaniards. The Europeans explored Africa in search of trade routes that linked Africa and Asia to establish their power through trade for silver and gold. Unlike Africans, China and India did not give in to the European power (Booth et al, 2000). Nevertheless, Europeans practiced and allowed for syncretism in a bid to get better results from the blended cultures. China and India resisted cultural change because their belief system was already deeply rooted in their own cultural values. Hence, the degree of cultural change caused by the westerners in the countries was minimal (AUK, n.d). Cultural syncretism occurred in the Americas and Africa but not in China and India. People in China and India assumed that they should maintain their culture indefinitely because it had been static for a long time. Their ethnocentrism played a crucial role in the resistance to change with their beliefs embedded in their past traditions and rituals. The religions of these countries differed with that of the westerners, which encouraged capitalism. Their religions were mainly Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism, which showed capitalism to be centered on materialistic attitudes rather than esteemed societal values. The European culture was achievement oriented, valued work, education and religious pluralism. On the other hand, in the Chinese and Indian culture, literacy was only for some people, promoted religious monopoly and people found satisfaction and pleasure away from work. According to Gluck Embree (1997), China viewed trade as a crucial aspect. Most of the Europeans who targeted China and India were Christian missionaries. According to Gluck Embree (1997), individual westerners who were more culturally aggressive were successful in gaining access to Asia through imperialism. The Christian missionaries from Europe faced extreme hostility from the Chinese who were against the western culture. â€Å"Both in India and elsewhere, people of an Islamic tradition would prove singularly resistant to Western cultural influence, whatever their ethnicity. The reasons for this are uncertain, but probably relate to the unique linkage of religious with secular life in the Islamic religion (Gluck Embree, 1997). China was dominated by a cohesive Confucian worldview showed by the elites acquiring extraordinary power and this culture created resistance to cultural change planned by the Europeans. The Confucian worldview in China was prestigious because it allowed for the articulation of ethical, social and political values. Gluck Embree (1997) further explain that the Chinese only accepted the most superficial western values, which would benefit China. The country embraced the education reform later past the 19th century when modern forms of knowledge were introduced among students. In the 16th century, the significance of Europeans in Asia was shown by the influence of Jesuit savants in Peking. The Asian communities did not take the ideas of the Jesuit savants seriously. The Europeans only left an indirect impact on them such as the introduction of American food crops. This led to an influx in population growth, in China’s Manchu (Qing), after Asians incorporated the food crops in their diet. From 1498 to the 1750s, Asia had western empires, which controlled small areas in small-scale units. In India, the fall of the Mughal Empire made the small-scale units of the Eu ropeans significant among the Indians. The differences in the types of European encounters and degrees of cultural change have left legacies in the post-modern times. Countries such as Japan, that embraced the European concepts of civilization, had strong economies and developed technology. In China, the Manchu rulers from the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) integrated an activist approach into Confucian school of thought and modernized the state-society relationship (Gluck Embree, 1997). China began encouraging the market economy. â€Å"Fiscal reform during the reign of the Yongzheng emperor (1723-35) helped address the chronic problem of local government revenue shortages in the late imperial period and enhanced the ability of local government to fund road, bridge and ferry projects and assist in land reclamation and flood control (Gluck Embree, 1997).† The traditional bureaucracy was challenged by China’s population growth that resulted from the revamped economy. India maintained social harmony but became atta ched to specific British ideas and political processes so that it could attain freedom. Conclusion Cultural change in a society is gradual and is determined by various factors. India and China resisted the cultural change introduced by Europeans because both communities had established a strong belief system prior to the arrival of the westerners. However, in the 19th and 20th century, both countries adopted some form of European civilization even though it was minimal. Because of the change, their economies and welfare were boosted leading to notable legacies. References AUK (n.d). Legacy: West 7 the World. Chapter 9. Imperialism, Colonialism Resistance in the 19th Century. Retrieved from markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/west/ch9imperialism.pdf Butler, C. (2007). Early voyages of Exploration (c. 1400-1550). Retrieved from flowofhistory.com/units/west/12/FC81 Disney, A. R., Booth, E., Vasco Da Gama Quincentenary Conference. (2000). Vasco da Gama and the linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Gluck, C. Embree, T. A. (1997). Asia and Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching. M. E Sharpe.

Overview of the Chinese Yangshao Culture

Overview of the Chinese Yangshao Culture The Yangshao culture is the term for an ancient civilization that existed in what is now central China (Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces primarily) between the years 5000 and 3000 B.C.E. It was first discovered in 1921 the name â€Å"Yangshao† is taken from the name of the village where it was first discovered but since its initial discovery, thousands of sites have been uncovered. The most important site, Banpo, was found in 1953. Facets of the Yangshao Culture Agriculture was of paramount importance to the Yangshao people, and they produced many crops, although millet was particularly common. They also grew vegetables (mostly root vegetables) and raised livestock including chicken, pigs, and cows. These animals were mostly not generally raised for slaughter, though, as meat was eaten only on special occasions. Understanding of animal husbandry is thought to have increased significantly during this time. Although the Yangshao people had a primitive understanding of agriculture, they also fed themselves in part via hunting, gathering, and fishing. They accomplished this through the use of precisely-crafted stone tools including arrows, knives, and axes. They also used stone tools such as chisels in their farming work. In addition to stone, the Yangshao also cared intricate bone tools. The Yangshao lived together in houses huts, really built in pits with wooden frames holding up mud-plastered walls and thatched millet roofs. These houses were clustered in groups of five, and clusters of houses were arranged around a village’s central square. The perimeter of the village was a furrow, outside which were a communal kiln and cemetery. The kiln was used for the creation of pottery, and it is this pottery that has truly impressed archaeologists. The Yangshao were capable of making a significant variety of pottery shapes, including urns, basins, tripod containers, bottles of various shapes, and jars, many of which came with decorative covers or accessories shaped like animals. They were even capable of making complex, purely ornamental designs, like boat shapes. Yangshao pottery was also often painted with intricate designs, often in earth tones. Unlike more recent pottery cultures, it appears the Yangshao never developed pottery wheels. One of the most famous pieces, for example, is an exquisite basin painted with a fishlike design and a human face, originally used as a burial object and perhaps indicative of a Yangshao belief in animal totems. Yangshao children seem to have been often buried in painted pottery jars. In terms of clothing, the Yangshao people wore mostly hemp, which they wove themselves into simple shapes like loincloths and cloaks. They did also occasionally make silk and it’s possible some Yangshao villages even cultivated silkworms, but silk clothing was rare and mostly the province of the rich. Banpo Civilization Site The Banpo site, first discovered in 1953, is considered typical of the Yangshao culture. It consisted of a village area of about 12 acres, surrounded by a ditch (which may once have been a moat) nearly 20 feet wide. As described above, the houses were mud and wood huts with thatched roofs, and the dead were buried in a communal cemetery. Although it’s not clear to what extent, if at all, the Yangshao people had any sort of written language, Banpo pottery does contain a number of symbols (22 have been found so far) that are found repeatedly on different pieces of pottery. They tend to appear alone, and so almost certainly do not constitute true written language, they may be something akin to makers’ signatures, clan markings, or the marks of owners. There is some debate as to whether the Banpo site  and the Yangshao culture as a whole were matriarchal or patriarchal. The Chinese archaeologists initially investigating it reported it had been a matriarchal society, but newer research suggests that may not be the case, or that it might have been a society in the process of transferring from matriarchy to patriarchy.

Civil war and reconstruction Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil war and reconstruction - Term Paper Example Therefore, the paper will focus on explaining the reason why the system failed and the reason behind the North winning the war, and it will explain the extent of the war and the reconstruction that followed in order to resolve the issues that created the breakdown. After the elections in 1860 to the presidency of Republican Abraham Lincoln, there was a succession in the southern states from Federal Union in 1861, though it focused on establishing the independent Confederacy of state for protecting the slavery. On the other hand, the Northern Unionists focused on unconstitutional secession, whereby they were willing to apply the military force to keep the South in the Union. However, the Southerners who had no slaves were against the threatened Federal coercion. This resulted to a costly and bloody civil war and numerous American were killed in the Civil War, since the nations, wars were combined (Dew, 5). Southern region became overwhelmed by war and this resulted to a burden by debt due to misgovernment and demoralization by a long period of racial warfare. There were harsh penalties imposed on Southern white leaders, and they humiliated the discrimination against blacks. This led to the â€Å"Jim Crow,† which was experienced during the nineteenth century, whereby the Southern states had isolated public facilities that abolished black accessibility to numerous public amenities such as restaurants, hotels and parks. Reconstruction is judged insensitively by comparing it to the moral transparency related to the Civil War, due to the dark moments of political divergence, dishonesty and deterioration. During the period of reconstruction, slaves were granted their freedom, but not equality, whereby the North failed to address the economic needs of the freedmen, and this effort indicated the inadequacy to the desperate needs of the former slave for institutions. This relates to institutions that offer political and economic opportunity or

Book Review The Damage Done ; Twelve years of Hell in a Bankok Prison Essay

Book Review The Damage Done ; Twelve years of Hell in a Bankok Prison . by Warren Fellows - Essay Example Warren Fellows should be counted among the die-hard criminals. According to his own admission he had done several rounds of illegal activities against the prevalent law in Thailand with full knowledge that he was violating the law of the land. Is prison the place to cause systematic suppression to the spirit of prisoners by the guardians of prison-laws whatever be the gravity of crime committed by them? Warren may have many ideas about care and reformation of the prisoners but does he deserve any one of them? Much ado is made about the violation of human rights by the prisoners even in proven cases of guilt and conviction by the courts. Mind you, it is the prisoners who violate the human rights first and punishment is only the consequential action. This reference is applicable to hardened criminals like Warren, the vicious drug-traffickers, who play with then lives of mostly, the younger generation. In the process, they destroy the life of the youngster, his family is doomed, and his parents are devastated. Let us come to the question, whether Warren deserved sympathy at all, in the later part of the essay. But his odd and strange posture that the drugs smuggled by him did not cause any misery at all deserves ridiculous condemnation. By inducing an individual into the habit of drugs, you are killing him every moment. Here is an example, of the course chartered by an individual, once he becomes a drug-addict. â€Å"Years of intense suffering rolled by. I was the sufferer, and mostly, I w as the source of all suffering to all concerned. I was a total mental wreck! I had sold everything that was mine at the altar of smack-- plot of land in my name, sewing machine, utensils, and other accessories, etc. †¦I had to buy my doses of smack anyhow!...I thought I would die. In fact, I wished to die†¦I had put the two concerned families-to respectable families-to shame!† (Mallya, 2006,

Speed Limits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speed Limits - Essay Example The speed limit differs from region to region and highways have higher speed limits than areas with high population example areas near a school, the setting of speed limits depends on the nature of the road, accident records of a section of the road and judgment of engineers and politicians. This paper discusses the importance or the advantages of speed limits. Speed limits are put in place in order to reduce accidents, some roads have had many fatal accidents which are directly related to speed, therefore in order to reduce such accidents there are laws that limit the speed in order to reduce accidents. Roads that pass through residential or highly populated areas have a lower speed limit in order to reduce the accidents these vehicles may cause, from physics kinetic energy rises as the speed rises, therefore the kinetic energy at impact will increase as the speed rises and therefore high speeds will lead to more fatal accidents. The speed limit allows motorist to travel at reasonable speed, some sections of a road may have high number of fatal accidents in the past and in order to reduce these accidents the speed limit is reduced to reduce such accidents. Therefore the speed limits reduce the number of injuries and deaths that may occur due to over speeding motorists. It is also evident that speed limits enable police to apprehend criminals, in most cases the police are able to identify criminals on roads. Criminals will tend to drive at high speeds which helps the police to identify the criminals and as a result this has a negative effect on crime rate, drivers driving under the influence of alcohol also tend to drive at high speeds and therefore the police are also able to identify them, as a result of this we can state that the speed limits reduce crime and other deviant behaviors. The fines imposed on road users because of over speeding is a source of revenue to the government, therefore speed limit laws earn the government some revenue which helps in the provision of public goods, however this revenue is not of much importance than the protection of road users from other careless drivers who do not follow road rules. Environmental protection is also an advantage of setting the speed limit, speeding vehicles consume more fuel and therefore pollutes the environment more, therefore by setting the speed limit fuel consumption is reduced and as a result the environment is protected, therefore speed limits do not only help in reducing accidents and help the police in arresting criminals but also helps in protecting the environment. The other advantage of setting the speed limit is that it is possible to identify wreck less drivers on the road, some road users do not obey traffic rules and therefore may cause accidents which may lead to the loss of lives even to innocent motorists, as a result of this these wreck less drivers are identified and their license suspended or fined in court. The speed limits should be viewed as a law that governs road users to drive reasonably, if the speed limit on the roads were removed then we will definitely be increasing the number of accidents, deaths and injuries on the road, the other problem that would rise is pollution and this is because speeding vehicles consume more fuel and therefore pollutes the environment more. Conclusion: From the above discussion it is evident that speed limits are there to protect lives,

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Position paper - Essay Example s the male body† is also talking about these learned assumptions of individuals when they perceive certain images specifically when they look at advertisements. However, Border argues that trends are changing but she also affirms that this is how people perceive certain aspects in society with false assumptions without relating it to the true meaning of those images. In short, it is seen that every image has emotional effects on an individual as well on the society and Berger and Border are providing strong arguments on this assertion so that people are made aware of looking the images in a new light in order to see the true meaning behind the content. John Berger in his book, â€Å"Ways of seeing† argues that the meaning of images and pictures, which are reproduced, have become smeared and distorted and the technology has affected an individual’s mind in perceiving images. According to him, people are adapting to the changes subconsciously without looking at its originality. He further argues that a distorted perception of a particular image loses its meaning (Berger). Berger states â€Å"The way we see things is affected by what we know or what we believe in† (Berger p.141) which means people while looking at any image presume what it is depicting without further knowledge of its existence. Berger describes in his book that there are many paintings present around old cathedral. These paintings were hard to reproduce. Most of the people perceive them as an addition of colors around that area and fail to acknowledge its presence, which indicated that those paintings were actually part of the room. In the same way, he mentions that when people go to Louve to look at the painting of Mona Lisa, they only perceive it as looking at the painting by Leonardo da Vinci and do not know its significance and worth when the painter designed it. Likewise, when people go to the National Gallery in London to look at the virgin of the Rocks another painting of Leonardo da

RF and Microwaves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RF and Microwaves - Essay Example In this paper, we are going to investigate the behavior of the antenna and make a proposal for a suitable solution to the circuit issue. Analysis in this experiment will be conducted using the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) method. This analysis will expose the variation of these characteristics with the height of the antenna. The Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) method allows for direct calculation of the Maxwell’s curl equations on lattices in a given time domain. The choice of the rack server is very critical in the application of the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD). It should have a size small enough to allow the realization of results that have high accuracy at frequencies that are very high and large enough to allow manageability of the available resources. The size of the cell is affected by the type of materials that are present in the rack server (Hiebel, 2010). The higher the amount of permittivity, the shorter the size of the wavelength that will be realized at a defined frequency and hence a smaller size of the cell will be required (Nurnberger & Volakis, 2000). This is defined by a rule that is smaller than a tenth of the size of the smallest wavelength and this can be defined by the size of the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) space and the maximum fr equency of interest. After the size of the cell has been selected, the time step that is maximum can be determined using the Courant condition of stability. Step times that are smaller are also permissible in this experiment and if they are used, they may result into results with an improved accuracy. Large time steps normally result into instability (Luebbers, 2004). In the use of the FDTD method, the field of incidence must be incident and must also be analytically specified. If the resonant geometries used are strong, the excitation of the finite- difference time-domain

Capstone project Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Capstone project - Research Proposal Example It is the mandate of all nurses who deals with such patients to ensure that their safety if prioritized. This proposal seeks to address this issue by making sure that it is mandatory for all practicing nurses who deal with such patients of stroke, to administer dysphagia tests immediately a patient is admitted in the hospital before giving them any food substances. For this project, I will use an evidence based model. For effective results, in this research, I have used the conduct and utilization of research in nursing model (CURN) since the model seeks to carry out a research which gives findings to s particular behavior which improves the patients’ health outcome. (Scmidt, 2014)Similarly, conducted over a period of two weeks, this research seeks to prove that Dysphagia screening saves lives of persons who suffer from stroke on admission to hospitals. Many stroke patients need critical attention. Ensuring their safety while they have been admitted is one of the nurses’ most important things. The manner in which stroke patients are handled on arriving at the hospitals needs to be addressed. Most of the nurses do not carry out dysphagia screening as recommended for all stroke patients in the AHA/ASA guidelines (Stephenie, 2013). Some nurses go to the point of giving these patient foods without having the swallowing tests done on them prior to this. According to the data collected from my experience, only 3 out of 4 patients go through the swallowing tests. This means that the safety of the remaining patients is not prioritized. For the reason that nurses fail to carry out this necessary test, an estimated 50,000 die every year due to aspiration pneumonia after stroke. Evidently, most of these deaths can therefore be avoided by carrying out this test. The problems with swallowing in these patients are associated with a higher mortality rate (Jeff, 2013). Moreover, technologies have evolved which enable the patients to be screened for dysphagia

RF and Microwaves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RF and Microwaves - Essay Example In this paper, we are going to investigate the behavior of the antenna and make a proposal for a suitable solution to the circuit issue. Analysis in this experiment will be conducted using the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) method. This analysis will expose the variation of these characteristics with the height of the antenna. The Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) method allows for direct calculation of the Maxwell’s curl equations on lattices in a given time domain. The choice of the rack server is very critical in the application of the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD). It should have a size small enough to allow the realization of results that have high accuracy at frequencies that are very high and large enough to allow manageability of the available resources. The size of the cell is affected by the type of materials that are present in the rack server (Hiebel, 2010). The higher the amount of permittivity, the shorter the size of the wavelength that will be realized at a defined frequency and hence a smaller size of the cell will be required (Nurnberger & Volakis, 2000). This is defined by a rule that is smaller than a tenth of the size of the smallest wavelength and this can be defined by the size of the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) space and the maximum fr equency of interest. After the size of the cell has been selected, the time step that is maximum can be determined using the Courant condition of stability. Step times that are smaller are also permissible in this experiment and if they are used, they may result into results with an improved accuracy. Large time steps normally result into instability (Luebbers, 2004). In the use of the FDTD method, the field of incidence must be incident and must also be analytically specified. If the resonant geometries used are strong, the excitation of the finite- difference time-domain

New Garments Business Plan Essay Example for Free

New Garments Business Plan Essay Though agriculture has always been the one of the most anticipated sectors in budgets, discussions, lectures and books but in true sense garments industry in Bangladesh is the most essential sector in terms of employment of comparatively less educated people. Employing almost 4.2 million people of whom 80% are women and thus contributing to empowerment of rural women. Let alone employment even if we consider foreign currency inflow this has been one of the most potential source. RMG covers around 80% of the total foreign exchange earnings of Bangladesh. According to a survey it contributes around 8 billion dollars which is around 13% of GDP. Starting in 1970s earning from it has increased by 8 times which is around 16.5% per annum. SWOT analysis Weakness: 1. Limited financial investment, 2. Insufficient infrastructural facility, 3. Less educated work-force 4. Negative impression on foreign buyers due to both political and unrest within the industry among the labor 5. Lack of legal enforcement 6. Lack of brand awareness 7. Poverty Threats: 1. High level of inflation 2. China, Pakistan and India. 3. Increasing competition 4. Capital investment availability, 5. Political instability 6. Corruption 7. Workplace unrest Strengths: 1. Labor intensive industry and labor cost is cheaper in Bangladesh compared to most countries 2. Plenty of labor available 3. Quality products 4. Competitive pricing Opportunities 1. Becoming a major hub 2. Tax reduction/govt. incentives 3. Planned Infrastructural development should improve supply chain a lot Company: Elegance Our company will be a garment company. Estimations are done based on square textile ltd and a small company named triangle fashion wear in Dhaka. Vision Provide quality clothing for every class of people and become one of the leading names in garments sector in the country and abroad as well. Mission Capture and satisfy the needs of customers through cost leadership and quality assurance and thus expand gradually. Introduction: Our company in the initial stage will go for sewing shirts only assuming monthly demand of 4000 shirts. As we will only produce ordered volume so the assumed demand is also our total production in units. We will take orders from other garments. As we will do the sewing only we won’t be having any inventory cost other than the raw materials. Reason behind being the designing and the cutting in these scenarios are normally done by the garment giving the order and we will complete the sewing and the collars. Buttons will be done afterwards elsewhere. For the electrical arrangements such as getting the business line for industrial purpose and placing meters the cost is assumed as 40000 and for wearing, stabilizers for machines sockets and other expenditure 40000 more is added with the initial cost. We will have 22 machines for which a 1000-1200 square feet space will be require. For hiring the place advance with 1st months’ rent is assumed as 115000. Loan of 200,000(27.54%of initial investment) will be taken at a rate of 15% which is close to 30% of the total investment amount. (Basic bank) (Small scale enterprise: The enterprise will be termed as small if in today’s market condition the replacement cost of plant, machinery and other components excluding land and building amounts to tk 15 million or less-Policy strategies for small and medium enterprises development in Bangladesh) Inventory: The raw materials should include, needles, pastes used in collars and threads. Ordering volume will be our production so there will be no additional inventory cost Machines: Taking the demand into account we will start with 22 machines of which 18 are single needle plain machines 2 over locks and two three needle machines. Ratios of plain machine to over locks and three needle is 10:2 Single needle is for basic sewing, three needle takes 1/3 time compared to single needle for obvious reasons but are very expensive, and over locks are sewing machines with blades that cuts the additional threads after sewing. Changes in demand and consequences: According to the owner of the triangle fashion wear in the winter time the demand for shirts decrease by 20-25%.duration of this shortage in demand is around 2 months. During this period there are obvious lay-offs so there is decrease in demand, in salaries and ultimately decrease in COGS and sales as well. Sales and COGS: Sales growth for our company is taken as 17%, based on the average of 5 years growth in sales of square textiles which is close to 20% and of triangle fashion wear which is close to 15%. As for COGS, for our company the growth assumed is 10%.for square text. Average growth in cogs is less than 15. NWC is assumed as 15% of sale for our company for each of five years. For square text. It is close to 18%. Salvage value For the over locks and single needle SV is assumed at an average of 5500tk after 5 years for each of the machines and for the 3 needle machine it is 8000 tk each Depreciation and tax: As for depreciation we deducted salvage value from total machine cost and deducted the amount by 10 which is the total lifetime for the machines. We used straight line depreciation for the other years. Corporate tax rate is assumed as 35% of the EBT amount. Calculating WACC: Market return of 10% is taken from the stock Bangladesh web site on 12th April, US risk free rate is taken for the measurement which is close to 3% and beta of 1.26 is taken from the stock Bangladesh website as well for the textile industries. Calculating CAPEX: Capital expenditure is calculated by summing up all the fixed assets for the 1st year which is close to 7% of the total sales for the same year. For the rest of years the growth rate is assumed as same as the sales which is 15%. After that we deducted fixed asset amount of the previous year from the amount of current year. 4P analysis: Product: As we said earlier our only product will be shirts. Pricing: Rate for sewing shirts in the market now is close to 90tk per shirt, we will start with 85tk to capture the market in the first place and then will focus on maintaining the quality. As we will only sew shirts so the calculated cost for each shirt will also be our production cost/unit.it is calculated as 49.5 by dividing COGS by demand. Promotion Promotion: We will do it by ourselves as the owner of the business so we won’t be having any additional cost for advertising and there will be experienced supervisors too, to initiate promotion. Place/Location and delivery: We will choose a place close to the companies we are expecting to get orders from. For the delivery of raw products to us and delivery of the sewed shirts to the companies ordering, companies themselves will be responsible.so again there will be no additional transportation cost for our company.

Market Entry Of Hui Li Shoes Into Singapore Marketing Essay

Market Entry Of Hui Li Shoes Into Singapore Marketing Essay The International marketing which is defined as performance of business activities including price, promotions, product and distribution decision and then the task of marketing research is to systematically collect data, process it into valuable information which is important for getting marketing decision. The information of the host country on political stability, cultural attributes and geographical characteristic are required for sound for foreign markets. Information on economic general data on level of growth, inflation levels, business cycles and the levels of competition in that particular industry. These directly affect the economic viability of the product, since some of the factors affect profitability. This report examines possible feasibility of plan for china shoes company Hui Li entering the Singapore market. It indicated that despite previous successes for the company in china market significant strategic alterations to its target segmentations and marketing mixes as well as supply and distribution operations will be necessary for success in entering Singapore. It suggests that the future economic growth of the Singapore market and considering the position of international competitor already operating in the market that it is a critical objective for the company to enter the market in order to maintain long term growth of market 2. Background of Hui Li 300000876508128399649319422 During the 1970s, The Ping Pong model since 1976. By Hui Li brand sneakers were the popular shoes in China its bright and clean design a sharp contrast to the drab homogeneity of Communist China. Continuing into the 1980s, the shoe remained a status symbol for Chinese teenagers who were well-off enough to don a pair of famous Warrior models Hui Li. But as China opened up economically, so did the marketplace for sneaker brands. when the 50 year-old Hui Li name was still popular in China, it was no longer well-known as one of the premier Chinese brands. Instead, Hui Li shoes became the shoe of the working class worn by poor construction workers, elderly women and rural citizens looking for a pair of cheap, durable shoes, inexpensive brand name and mark-up. Fascinated by this story, a graphic design student from China recently released a photography book which features people wearing Warriors in various areas of China. Each copy of Book of Warriors comes with a pair of Warriors models by Hui Li. The author, Shumeng Ye, wishes to use the Hui Li brand to tell the story behind the shoes and represent a varity side of China. Not either the industrial power and economic power, but the daily life of a country with its own distinctive sneaker culture. A pair of Hui Li shoes was very expensive at the 1960s, and was popular trendy for young people at that time. Nowdays this old Chinese brands to make their comeback. 3. Market Entry of Hui Li Shoes into Singapore 01300000206900126032684190582 The main reason for entering Singapore is to increase sales and profits. Building up a branch in other town, city or state, entering a foreign market is mainly part of the relentless quest for business expansion and growth. Hui Li has a very useful business model and has gained market share in China market, the only way break into more wealth country in Asia. Hui Li targets young people. In Singapore, many young people like to wear designer, including working adults, sportspeople, schooling children, business people and the elderly. People in Singapore like to spend money on quality products, there have more dispose income, and they like to try out new products, especially from China, Japan, Korean, the USA and India. Also, there are not many shoes companies from China to Singapore; therefore, there is a possibility to market this new product brand in Singapore as the consumption size of market is actually growing. There are a range of potential routes by which Hui Li could enter this market. Ideally they have to pursue a strategy of equity investment have all control of its operations within Singapore. Whilst such a strategy carries the greatest risk it also provides the greatest reward and, most crucially, protects the integrity of the business and the brand. Hui Li has the financial resources, expertise and experience to do so and has proficiency in entering competitive market. As the decisions, which they make will directly affect every part of their business for many years in the future to Singapore. but, this is important in the decision-making process as firms assessment of the cost and risk associated with exporting their product into Singapore market. Exporting will be the best entry mode for manufacturers like Hui Li that wants active penetration of Singapore markets will look to direct export channel. Direct export has contained higher startup costs, greater information requirements and higher risks. They will choose Singapore agent channel and branch channel. Franchising is a form of licensing in which a company licenses a business system as well as property rights to an independent company or person. 4. Problems that could exist in Singapore for Hui Li Rivalry is placed in a central role for entering Singapore market. This means that company basically hastocompeting in industry effectively. It is obvious that global and local companies make intense competition for Hui Li. competitor most compete at same level of price and quality for leather shoes industry in Singapore including VANS from USA, TOPMAN from UK. The successful competitors has already got amount of market share and brand loyalty with consumer tastes over period of time. Hui Li has to be well prepared and well known Singapore market. Otherwise they May lose by those competitors. The market of china is slightly different from Singapore market, so that Hui Lis shoes may not be preferable for local consumer preferences. Consumer may only recognize the product which already established this market over decades. It may take time that makes them to accept new brand like Hui Li. Also brand loyalty has already established by their global and local competitor. It will be more difficult for them to switch their favorable brand easily. Moreover the brand reputation in Singapore is not as good as other international brand. The consumer may not choose their Hui Li product in first place even with high quality shoes. As the initial capital required for Hui Li to establish branch in Singapore, it will be huge amount of fixed and operation costs. Culture may influence on consumer behavior. Segmenting in terms of culture factors, Singapore also segment overall society in smaller subcultures. These subcultures division are based on variety sociocultural and demographic variables. Such as nationality, religion, geographic location, race, age and sex. Subcultures may have problem for Hui Li that loss of focus on to market targets. Because Singapore has multi combinations of nationalities like China, India and Malaysia. The Hui Li must determine whether the beliefs and customs shared by members of a specific subculture make them desirable choose for special marketing attention. Identification of subculture is complex in segmenting market particularly in countries like Singapore. They only enable to focus on sizable and natural segments as different members of a specific subculture have different preference of Hui Li shoes. 5. Environmental analysis of Singapore market 5.1 cultural analyses Geographical Setting A. Location Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia B. Climate Singapore is generally hot and humid. Its warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping below 20Â °C (68Â °F), even at night, and usually climbing to 30Â °C (86Â °F) during the day. C. Living condition Singapore has a very high standard of living for expatriates and the city has one of the best living conditions in Southeast Asia. Singapore people have more money to buy consumption goods. 5.2 Competitive analysis for Red Dragonfly SWOT factors Strengths good quality price affordable designed long lasting Weaknesses not international brand not popular Opportunities new affordable spending power of people in Singapore is high people like to try new things, new designs something exclusive Threat competition from leading brands price possible copying from others too many other shoe companies in Singapore 5.3 PEST FACTORS Political Environment Spore govt is very stable No problems with conflicting rulers /parties/groups/government Gets along well with other countries International countries like to promote their products in Singapore Economic Environment Spores economy is very stable Everyone has a job People in Singapore like to spend money Good jobs and good income Good education / almost everyone is educated Business-oriented Social Environment (social activities , social clubs , lifestyle of Singapore people, foreigners, ) People in Spore love clubbing, parties, gatherings Lifestyle is very rich -Many activities in many clubs, community center Multi-racial , harmony Many foreign mixture of people Mixed society Social media/interaction/very socially connected Technological Environment (internet, globalization, modernity, techno, phones, communication) People in Singapore are techno-savvy Internet is available everywhere Every home has Internet connection Most people use WIFI Latest hand-phone / smart phone technology Lots of people use social media eg. Facebook, twitter, etc Use hand-phone for everything internet, communication, discussion, conference, meetings, schools, etc The environment that needs further study will be the economic and social environment in Singapore for shoes. 6. Evaluation of the Marketing Mix (the 4 Ps) for possible adaptation Product Fashion designed with high technologies Popular in China Good quality Price Affordable price Priced for quality Priced for Brand Affordable for the Singapore market Promotion Visual merchandising such as store design and layouts Poster Newspaper advertisements / magazines Place -Located their retailer store at orchard road -Main shopping mall -Local partners 7. Conclusion of Analysis I think that Hui Li has perspective future in SG market. According to cultural analysis, we have brief knowledge about Singapore. The living condition of Singapore has a high standard of living. People like to buy more product, Hui Li may possible to entry this market to increase sales. And the climate has indicated that Hui Li need to decide what type of shoes can meet consumer needs in order to weather of generally hot and HUMIND in Singapore. Competitive analysis Hui Li will go through external and internal factors. There is no question that the phenomenon makes both opportunities and threats to Hui Li who looking for compete successfully in the international market. There is growing power for developing nations where Singapore presents significant business opportunities for Hui Li in entering. Local people would like to try new brand product with high quality and affordable price, even the brand is not international. However, most of competitors are international brand that Hui Li have to compete with them for market share and consumer loyalty, they need to differentiate their shoes to meet people needs. Finally the deciding mainly depends on an analysis of both external environmental conditions. Pest has provided general ideals that macro environment of Singapore. The factors indicated that economic of Singapore is growing and people have higher disposable income, political environment has encouraged foreign investment with lower tax rate. Society in Singapore is harmony with multi-racial foreign mixture of people. The macro environment for Singapore hat great impact for Hui Lis entering. The analysis of marketing mix in Singapore market has significant effects on Hui Li entering. And it is reasonable to recommend that a well know brand name has major impact on strategic planning process. All of 4p help Hui Li to build their brand successful in Singapore. Hui Li may local their retailer store at Orchard Road and main shopping mall. Orchard Road is main center for peoples attention and shopping around. The brand recognition can increase by locating this market place. The ownership of the Hui Li brand can cooperate with local partners will be able to help them access the Singapore distribution systems more effectively. They may promote main emphasis on visual merchandising such as layouts of store can be necessarily impact on communication tools with consumer and advertising on TV and newspaper. As the price of leather shoes are affordable and the product is well designed with quality one. All of analysis indicted that it is great opportunity for Hui Li to entry this ma rket. 8.Strategic Marketing Plan Marketing Plan for Hui Li Shoes 1 2. 1.Marketing objectives A. Target market B. Expected sales year 20 C. Profit expectation year 20 D. Market penetration and coverage Adaptation Core component B. Packaging component C. Support service component A. Adults, all ages B. 2 million dollars C. Three hundred thousand dollars D. Advertising, lower prices Main shopping center Such as: Orchard Road, Bugis. Well-designed shoes with high quality Delicated package Feedback 3. Promotion mix Advertising Objective Media mix Message Costs Sales promotion A. Objectives B. Coupons C. Costs Other promotional methods A. Promote products B. Magazine and TV C. Fashion product and high quality D. 40000 Promote new brand Newspaper Discount for the new buyer C. 50000 Poster 4 Distribution from origin to destination Port selection Origin port Destination port 2.Mode selection AD/DIS Air carrier packing A. Marking and labeling regulations B. Costs Documentation required A. Bill of lading B. Dock receipt C. Air bill D. Commercial invoice E. Proforma invoice F. Shippers export declaration G. Statement of origin 5.Insurance claim China port Singapore port A. AD Quick and convenience DIS may not get permission to entry and quotas A. Shoe box B. 10000 All needs 5. 10000 5 Channel of distribution Retailers Type and number of retail stores Retail markups for products in each type of retail store Methods of operation for each type 5 center stores B. Store Cash and credit card Scale of operation for each type Import and exports agent Warehousing A. Type B. Location D. Large A. Stores B. Bugis Orchard Road 6 Price determination 1.Cost of the shipment of goods 2.Transportation costs 3.Handling expenses A. Loading and unloading charges 4.Insurance costs 5.Customs duties 6.Import taxes and value-added tax 7.Wholesale and retail markups and discounts 8.companys gross margins 9.retail price 1. 10000 2. 15000 A.3000 4.30000 5.4000 6. 7% 7. 20% 8. 30% 9.50-100 7 Methods of payment 1.Cash in advance 2.Open accounts 3.Consignment sales 4.Sight, time or date drafts 5.Letters of credit Cash in advance Open account

Superconductivity Essay -- essays research papers fc

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY DEFINITION OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Superconductivity is a phenomenon displayed by certain conductors that show no resistance to the flow of electric current. Conductors are materials in which the electron current goes through. There are 4 different kinds of conductors. Insulators, like glass or wood, have a very high resistance to electron current while semi-conductors, such as silicon, have a medium resistance. Conductors, like copper and other metals, have very low resistance, and superconductors, comprised of certain metals such as mercury and ceramics such as lanthanum-barium-copper-oxide, have no resistance. Resistance is an obstacle in the flow of electricity. Superconductors also have strong diamagnetism. In other words, they are repelled by magnetic fields. Due to these special characteristics of superconductors, no electrical energy is lost while flowing and since magnetic levitation above a superconductor is possible. This principle is employed in high-speed trains that travel at 483 km/h (300 mph) while lev itating on a cushion of air. MAKING OF THE SUPERCONDUCTOR When superconductivity was first discovered, it was established that the compounds needed to be cooled to within several degrees Kelvin to absolute zero (zero Kelvin). The large amount of cooling was done by putting the compound in liquid helium. Helium, which is usually a gas, liquefies when its temperature drops to 4 K. Once the material had cooled to that temperature, it became a superconductor. However, using liquid helium to cool down material has been a problem. Liquid helium is very expensive, and the cooling equipment is very large. In the past, there was no economic incentive to replace ordinary conductors with superconductors because the cooling costs for superconductors were so high. Scientists have found two ways to overcome the cooling problems. The first is to find a way to cool the material using something less expensive and less bulky than liquid helium. The second way is to raise the temperatures that are necessary to cause superconductivity in the metals, or the cri tical temperatures. By combining materials into superconducting alloys, the temperature was raised slightly. By 1933, the critical temperature was at 10 K, and it wasn't until 1969 when the critical temperature was raised to 23 K and scientists tried, unsuccessfully, to raise it again. The... ...ving atoms wandered out of the field, while the coldest atoms stayed in the center. Very few atoms could escape the coldness at the center, and the center is what became the new state of matter. Future Developments In the future, many scientists expect to have many new things due to superconductivity. Room temperature superconductivity would totally revolutionize the electrical power industry by making copper wires obsolete. Superconductivity would also improve transportation by changing the way trains, cars, and ships run. Magnetically levitated trains have the advantages of speed and quiet operation and the same magnetic levitation could be used with cars. Drivers would travel as fast as 150 mph on a highway and they would never have to worry about collisions. Ships propelled by superconducting motors would weigh less and would be more maneuverable. In conclusion, superconductivity will have a tremendous impact on our future, totally revolutionizing our way of life. Works Cited Seeber, Bernd Handbook of Applied Superconductivity University of Geneva Switzerland, 1998 Kresin, Vladimir. and Wolf, Stuart Fundamentals of Superconductivity New York and London Plunum Press., 1990

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Essay -- TV Television Show Essays

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Mentors feature prominently in the Gothic genre. From Dr Van Helsing in Bram Stoker's Dracula, who leads the young heroes into their quest to annihilate the Count, to Rupert Giles, the Watcher in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, older and more experienced adults have provided essential guidance for the younger protagonists of the genre. The differences in media of expression and the subsequent adaptations from novel to television series has not affected the presence of this character, more than a hundred years after the publication of Dracula in 1897. What also unites the novel and the series is their fin-de-sià ¨cle resonance. According to Elaine Showalter, sexually and socially subversive themes feature strongly in periods of cultural insecurity. In addition to the century that separates Buffy from the Count, there has been a plethora of vampire movies and books of various merits. As a result, the late-twentieth-century average spectator knows the basic facts of vampirism. Therefore, the creators of Buffy the Vampire Slayer need to challenge their audience through another aspect of the series. Turning to their advantage what might have been a serious hindrance, they adopt a self-reflexive ironic perspective on the genre. This tenuous but innovative tension between borrowing from the tenets of the Gothic and moving away from them is especially appreciable when one evaluates the Watcher, Giles. Giles embodies both the principles of continuity and daring innovation that characterise the series and contribute to its appeal. The similarities between Dr Van Helsing in Dracula and Giles in Buffy the Vampire Slayer create a sense of thematic and structural continuity through different media. They share a sim... ...Unofficial Critical Companion to Buffy and Angel. Ed. Roz Kaveney. London: Tauris, 2001, 98-119. 8. Wall, Brian and Michael Zryd. "Vampire dialectics. Knowledge, institutions and labour." Reading the Vampire Slayer. An unofficial critical companion to Buffy and Angel. Ed. Roz Kaveney. London: Tauris, 2001, 53-77. 9. Jung, C. G. The Phenomenology of the Spirit in Fairy Tales. 1912. Trans. R. F. C. Hull. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967. 10. Heilbronn, Lisa M. "Natural Man, Unnatural Science: Rejection of Science in Recent Science Fiction and Fantasy Film". Contours of the Fantastic. Ed. Michele K. Langford. New York: Greenwood, 1990, 113-9, 115. 11. Auerbach, Nina. Our Vampires, Ourselves. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1995, 5. 12. Tudor, Andrew. Monsters and Mad Scientists. A Cultural History of the Horror Movie. 1989. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991, 114.

Poor nutrition and its effects on learning Essay

Picture yourself very hungry but struck in work, you will be distressed and very hard to concentrate on the job in front of you. If it is the case with us adults, just imagine how it would feel like if you were a five year old girl, sad and hungry just because your parents are not rich enough to feed you daily. This is the situation in most of the under developed and developing countries. This is a reality, and a nightmare in the youth of many children and thereby impacts the learning ability of these poor and destitute future citizens. There is a correlation between nutrition and behavior of brain functioning, that has always been under-researched. Schools have the resources and ability to maintain a pivotal role in making and maintaining our children’s’ learning capabilities and helping them benefit socially by creating resources of healthy food as breakfasts and lunches in the school’s working days. The idea of good nutrition is not limited to birth, Minimum nutritional requirement becomes a necessity right from the moment she is in the mother’s womb. It is regrettable and very sad to say that not every mother who will be conceiving is capable of giving her baby a better start. A teenager who doesn’t apprehend the importance of minimum nutrition, a grownup who has to miss her lunch to spare a few dollars, a pregnant woman who doesn’t feel like eating and doesn’t consume enough vitamins, fats, minerals and nutrients are prone to higher uncertainty of conceiving low weight babies. It is the government’s responsibility to give subsidies on daily cereals, vegetables and conduct camps where people under -the poverty line can have their nutritional requirements met. By providing the nation’s under-paid families and their youth with nutritious food and by making use of the vast farming lands owned by the government to cultivate the essential commodities so that they in turn help prevent malnutrition children by providing nutritious meals, at least once a day. Finally, it can be said that the most prominent of problems that poor face is Malnutrition, and it has been eating up the younger generation and thereby weakening the country. If the government is careful to see that the minimum nutrients are provided as a part of education, the problem can be reduced to a significantly lower stage.

Challenges of Teaching Students with Ebd Essay

Education is an important factor of life that is a foundation of intellectual development and intelligence that shapes the futures of all students. There are students with disorders and disabilities who display hardships and delays in education that require different approaches and special teaching strategies. Students with emotional and behavioral disorders are a group of students that require such modification or accommodation approaches. EBD student’s exhibit challenging behaviors, emotional instability, and are opposed to change. Therefore, once a student with EBD is place in the general classroom, the student might encounter challenges with learning and create problems and threats for the teacher as well as their peers. Teachers need to remember that students with EBD have the same rights as everyone else; the students with EBD need a specific teaching strategy and approach to assessments and instruction. Teachers need to establish a teacher student relationship to assist in the techniques and the learning process. There are a variety of intervention and prevention techniques that can be used to decrease the discrepancies and tension in the behavior and manner of the students in a general classroom setting. In order to apply the techniques effectively teachers have to understand the challenges students with EBD face. The creation of a special education team plays and important role of intervention and prevention for the student with EBD and is necessary to meet all the needs of the student. The special education team should consist of at least one regular educator, one special educator, a parent, and an administrator. Students with EBD are influenced on different levels of interaction socially and need this variety of member to be included on the team. The SPED team has a responsibility to develop a comprehensive academic program and to make certain there is mutual consistency in actions and support. The SPED team needs a general educator in the team because their role is vital to the prevention plan in the academic environment. Sometimes the teachers have students with EBD in their classrooms that haven’t been diagnosed and the symptoms will surface in a classroom setting. The regular teacher will deal with the issues first until they determine or diagnose the student. The regular teacher needs to have knowledge or possess the basics of treating EBD students. Teachers should teach them self control and self management techniques to be used on a regular basis in the classroom. If the techniques applied don’t work and the student gets worse than consideration should take place to include the student into a special education classroom. A special education teacher is necessary for the SPED team because their expertise deals with students of different disorders or disabilities such as students with EBD. Special education teachers can recommend some beneficial techniques that can be implemented in the general classroom setting or for parents at home. Special education teachers may figure out the problem at home which needs to be solved in order to provide helpful methods and then can facilitate intervention in the classroom setting. The team needs to have a good combination of people with intervention techniques for special education in the education school plan. This will reduce the risk of school factors for students with EBD. Parents that have students with EBD need to actively participate or be an active person of the SPED team for many different reasons. Parents acquire the most information about the heart of their child’s disorder. Next, parents should be included in any early intervention to assist in the students classroom placement decisions otherwise it has been determined that it could be destructive for the EBD student. It has been noted that family and parent problems tend to be the main cause of emotional and behavioral disorders. Therefore, SPED teams can help to get to the main problem thus special educators and the administration can unravel home problems. The school administrator is a vital member to the SPED team because they have useful information and knowledge about the school policy formation. Students with EBD often feel discriminated against because of the ambiguous and zero tolerance rules regarding behavior from the school. The zero tolerance rules for behavior in school can threaten the behavioral and emotional stability of students with EBD. The administration can educate the educators on the IDEA rules and regulations and handle relevant assessments and design and develop special education programming. There are some concerns that make it difficult for school administrators and special education educators and can be very complicated because they want to make sure they meet the needs of students with EBD. One of the concerns is the uncertainty and stigmas towards the definition of educational and behavioral disorders and the need of understanding what behavior is inappropriate, the inability to construct social relationships, and if the disability classification should be EBD. The behavior if inappropriate doesn’t fit into any ethical norms, cultural, and religious society during a given time. Student’s with EBD displays a variety of disorder types and inner emotional and behavioral disorders behaviors appear sometimes in a manner of violence or suicide. The characteristics and symptoms of students with EBD tend to change so it makes it difficult to provide a solid diagnosis of EBD. The challenges teachers face when teaching students with EBD require competency from the educators. Given that students with EBD have a deficit in language, social skills, intellectual abilities, and lower academic results it hard for teachers to find a happy medium in making sure the school pace is mainstreaming to meet their specific needs. Aggression has emerged because of the lack of appraisal or opportunities from teachers. Consequently, training, self control, and classroom management needs to be the practice fro students with EBD. â€Å"Teachers have to adjust to the specific needs of students and give them proper instructional interactions, actively interact with parents and get actively involved in the collection of data on EBD students’ progress, developing special education programs and interpret EBD students’ results according to the assessment rules designed for them in order to provide these special needs students with adequate instruction and support† (Yell et al., 2009). The active participation and involvement of parents in the intervention and prevention programs will get rid of some risk factors and develop a home based and comprehensive school intervention plan. The participation of school educators and administration can assist in solving the main challenges dealing with exclusion of students with EBD from the zero tolerance mainstream school policy. EBD students symbolize are a small group of specialized needs. The behavior of EBD students are usually unexplainable and unpredictable, which makes it challenging when dealing with the student and meeting their needs. Nevertheless, if there is a closer look into the causes and roots of EBD and work done on the classification, most likely can be a problem solver. As it comes from the arrangement of the SPED team if they are conflicting then it will be difficult to develop an effective intervention and prevention program. This makes it imperative to accept a universal strategy in meeting the academic challenges for students with EBD. References Yell, M. L, Meadows, N. B., Drasgow, E., & Shriner, J. G. (2009). Evidence-based practices for educating students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Pearson. ISBN-13: 978-0130968234